The origins of language

  Second Language Acquisition?Learning I. Second Language Learning:  A local person who study a different language as a foreign language if they learn it in their country. In other case, it is considered a second language if that person learn it in their originated country. In general, both the situations are expressed as second language learning . *Acquisition and Learning:  The term acquisition  describes a  gradually development of the language ability by using it naturally in communicative with other people who know the language.  The term learning  is a process of conscious learning in which the person is accumulating knowledge through intention acts such as analyze features of language, research the grammar and vocabulary. *Acquisition Barriers:  For a L1 speakers, it's a whole different experience for them when they know about the L2.  They usually encounter this in their teenage, adult years or a few hours in school. Despite there hav...

FIRST LANGUAGE ACQUISITION  I. Acquisition:  For a human to understand language, they have to interact with other language users since they were an infant. This is to bring the capacity of general language to come into contact with a particular language such as English.   The child is also must have the ability to receive and send sound signals of a language. It's also important for an infant to be able to hear as a deaf child will stop producing sound after six months after birth. *Input:  Many factors that help with the development of a child's language acquisition such as the behaviour of their parents and relatives who live with them in the same environment and provide language samples are called input .  The speech style characterized by it's simplified word which is used a lot by a person who has a lot of experience with young children is associated with "baby talk" .  *Caregiver Speech:  This speech style is characterized by the frequent us...

Language and the Brain   I. Neurolinguistics:   The study of relation between language and the brain. II. Language Areas in the Brain: *Broca's Area:  The "anterior speech cortex" or also known as Broca's area . Located on the left hemisphere of the brain. This part was believed to take the responsibility of generating spoken language. *Wernicke's Area:  The "posterior speech cortex" or also known as Wernicke's area . Located in the left hemisphere. This part was confirmed to comprehend spoken language. *The Motor Cortex and the Arcuate Fasciculus: Mortor cortex  This part is take control of muscle movements (legs, arms, foots, hands, ...). Additionally a part of Motor cortex  that is close to  Broca's area controls the articulary muscles (jaw, tongue, laryxn, ...) Arcuate fasciculus  It is a bunch of nerve fibers that are connected between Wernicke's area and Broca's area .  *The Localization View:   The localization view claimes...

  Pragmatics I. Invisible Meaning:  Pragmatics focuses on how different factors can affect the interpretation of meaning in communication or reading. Factors include intentions of speakers, the relationship between a speaker and listener, and the scenarios that can change the context of a message. II. Context:  To understand the context of something, people can not solely rely on the literal meaning of words. Instead, when interpreting the meaning, it is important to consider multiple elements and judge them more broadly to fully understand the intention mentioned by the writer or speaker. *Deixis:   Deixis or deictic expressions is a term use for words that is used to point to people (you, me, us, them), places (here, there, over there) and times (now, last time, next time). All these deictic expressions are interpretated in term of what person, places or times the speaker has in mind, and usually vague if we don't know the context of them before. III. Reference: ...