The origins of language

  SEMANTICS I. Meaning:   Beside the meaning in language, semantics also has some other aspect of meaning. Instead of agree with the subjective or personal meaning, the lesson focus on the widely accepted objective or factual meaning of words.  This distinction is categorized in term of referential meaning as opposed to associated or emotive meaning . Referential meaning covers the types of meaning that dictionaries are designed to describe. II. Semantic Features:  In term of semantic features, a word features components that are called meaning components. These features help to provide specific aspects of  meaning and defferentiate between words. III. Semantic Roles:  Words have different roles based on the situation described by a sentence.  *Agent and Theme:  The entity that perform the action is knew as  Agent .  The entity that is involved or affected in the the action is knew as  Theme .  *Instrument and Experiencer: ...

SYNTAX I. Syntactic rules:  When providing an analysis of the syntax of a language, we tend to follow the "all and only" criterion. This mean the analysis must account all grammatically correct phrases and sentences and only those grammatically correct phrases and sentences of whatever language we are analyzing. *A Generative Grammar:  A limited number set of rules that is capable of generating a potentially infinite number of properly formed structures is called generative grammar . II. Deep and Surface Structure:   Deep structure is other "underlying" level where the basic components (Noun phrase + Verb + Noun phrase) shared by two sentences have difference  in surface structure can be represented.   Deep structure is an abstract level of structural organization in which all the elements determining structural interpretation  " surface structure "  are represented. III. Syntactic Analysis:  In syntactic analysis, some abbreviations are used for ...

  GRAMMAR I. English Grammar:  The process of describing and assembling possible structures of phrases and sentences and then removing all ungrammatical sequences is called the  grammar  of a language. II. Traditional Grammar:  The terms "article", "adjective" and "noun" come from the  traditional grammar  that has its origins in the description of languages such as Latin and Greek. Current grammatical categories, which are used to analyse English are adapted from a well-established grammatical description of Latin relied on earlier analyses of Greek. *The Parts of Speech Noun "boys" Article "the" Adjective "lucky" Verb "found" Adverb "carefully" Preposition "in" Pronoun "they" Conjunction "and" III. The Prescriptive Approach:   Prescriptive approach  is a way of talking to describe the rules for the "proper" use of English, which was set by 18th England grammarians w...